Donovan paragraphs 30 to 34

30

Here Donovan suggests that intuition in prosaic areas such as investment and gardening is even more susceptible to deception. And religion may be in fact no better off because of its variety and frequent disagreement. This diversity actually makes religious intuition even less ‘plausible’ and would seem to agree with Hume here that too many people having too many intuitions which may contradict each other makes this form of knowledge unreliable.

 

31

Here he argues that just because some intuitions in some situations may be ‘acceptable’ doesn’t make ‘intuitive ways of knowing’ always acceptable. As he has said earlier, just because we may be right doesn’t make us always right and the ability to intuitively know something doesn’t mean that extends to everything. He uses road sign and palm reading as examples of skills which are not equivalent. He ends with his assessment that since we still cannot agree on what we know about God how can we possibly agree on the validity how that knowledge comes?

 

32

Donovan admits that this isn’t all Owen and others are saying i.e. that a believer simply knows, although it is one aspect, there are many aspects of religious experience which make up religious life as a whole.

 

33

But basically they are arguing for the prime importance of an intuitive, not-argued-for knowledge of God and acceptance of his existence. Donovan concludes that this is a weak straw.

 

34

There are still too many ‘ifs’ for him but now he tells us what he believes: not all religious experiences are necessarily illusory; the person who says ‘he just knows’ is not necessarily simple! If e.g. a religion like Christianity is true, then it is likely that individuals will become aware of his presence, however it is the ‘if ‘ which presents the problem and until that is solved the question of the reliability of intuitive knowledge of God cannot be resolved.

Donovan concepts and implications

Donovan concepts

  • Feeling certain and being right – inner conviction / psychological certainty vs. rational certainty
  • Intuition
  • I-You / I-It
  • Religious experience /How God can be known
  • Bliks
  • Experience of / knowledge of / knowledge about — there are different kinds of knowledge and knowledge gained through intuition is just one kind but how valid.
  • Deception / being wrong!
  • Rational arguments / verification

 

Ideas which come from Donovan’s passage and can be used to clarify his meaning

  • Swinburne’s Principles of Credulity and Testimony
  • Bliks / memes
  • Ayer – no I / you relationship – no knowledge
  • ‘God would seek to interact with his creatures’
  • Hume’s objections to miracles equally appropriate to religious experience
  • Cultural predisposition to have religious experience of the culture brought up in.
  • Design argument – if god designed us it would logical to assume he would build in some way of recognising or experiencing him?
  • St Teresa –
  • Nicky Cruz
  • Abraham / God’s command to sacrifice his son seems immoral
  • The world being flat! WRONG! Peter Sutcliffe! WRONG!
  • LP’s verification principle
  • Examples of intuition

 

b) implications? What are the implications if Donovan is correct and intuitive knowledge is not valid?

  • Standard philosophical arguments for the existence of god would fail…. And image of God of classical theism would be incorrect…
  • Human development relies on intuitive moments so would they still happen?
  • Worship irrelevant; culture? Paintings literature (examples) with a religious basis would be lost? Patriarchal society? Laws and morality?
  • Conscience is intuitive isn’t it?
  • Higher traits would not be encouraged…
  • Love, emotions, etc. not logical but do exist? Only cognitive valid / no affective very much an LP stance!
  • Basil Mitchell and his 3 responses – acceptance, rejection, accommodation.
  • Flew and his Death by a thousand qualifications! Believer is going to believe regardless!
  • Bring back to Donovan ‘The fact that some supposed encounter with God could possibly be mistaken wont much worry believers if they are convinced that they are right in fact.’ End of paragraph 40.